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Demokratisk
symmetri |
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English
version |
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Tre system |
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Ett valg |
Flertallsvalg. Kandidaten med flest stemmer
vinner |
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To valgomganger |
Hvis
ingen kandidater får 50 %, gjennomføres en annen valgomgang mellom de to
første kandidatene fra omgang en. |
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Symmetrisk demokrati |
Borda
count - Alle stemmer på alle kandidatene med
forskjellige poeng. La oss si at det er X kandidater. Hver stemmeberettiget |
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gir
den første kandidaten X poeng, den neste X-1 poeng etc. Kandidaten med flest
poeng vinner. |
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Eksempel - Resulta fra valget holdt i Taiwan
(Republic of China) 2000-03 |
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Hvilken kandidat foretrekker du som 2.valg |
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Kandidat |
Ett valg |
Koumingtang |
Uavhengig |
DPP |
To første |
To valg |
Symmetrisk
demokrati |
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Koumingtang |
23,10 % |
- |
70 % |
30 % |
0 |
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2,037 |
Koumingtang |
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Uavhengig |
36,83 % |
80 % |
- |
20 % |
1 |
53,00
% |
2,019 |
Uavhengig |
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DPP |
40,07 % |
70 % |
30 % |
- |
1 |
47,00
% |
1,944 |
DPP |
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[1]
Reelle valgtall: DPP har litt for høyt tall, disse inneholder alle stemmene som ikke gikk til de to andre
hovedutfordrerene |
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[2] Tallene som sier noe om foretrukket
2.kandidat er hypotetiske |
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Resultat |
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DPP |
vinner ved ett valg |
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Uavhengig |
vinner ved to valg |
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Koumingtang |
vinner ved symmetrisk demokrati |
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* I.e. så kan alle tre kandidatene vinne,
avhengig av type system som brukes (foutsetning at de hypotetiske tallene er
nogenlunde riktige) |
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*
Symmetrical democracy (also known as Borda count) include all preferences,
including second, third, etc, wishes |
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* Symmetrisk demokrati (kjent som Borda count)
inkluderer alle preferansene, inkludert annet-, tredje-, fjerde-, etc.
valghet. |
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* Symmetrisk demokrati kan betraktes som det
mest korrekte siden dette systemet tar hensyn til alle preferanser. |
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Kilder |
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* Excelark med kalkulasjoner samt et annet
eksempel |
symmetrical_democracy.xls |
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* FraThe Economist 2000-03-02-artikkelen «The
mathematics of voting - Democratic symmetry » |
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"
...The fairest voting system, says Dr Saari, would respect both symmetries.
The only system that fits the bill is |
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the
Borda count, proposed by Jean-Charles de Borda in 1770 to elect members to
the Academy of Sciences in Paris. |
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In
an election with X candidates, each voter awards X points to his first
choice, X-1 to his second choice, and so on. |
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The
results are added up and the candidate with the most points wins....
". |
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The
full text is available here (login) |
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http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=288778 |
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* Borda count |
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borda_count |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borda_count |
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Kilde for tall |
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http://th.gio.gov.tw/p2000/main.cfm |
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Published:
March 18, 2000 |
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Source: Taiwan Headlines |
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Opposition candidate Chen Shui-bian and his running mate Annette Lu
emerged this evening as |
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the winners of the 2000 ROC
presidential election. |
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At 7:20 p.m. March 18, ROC Central Election Commission chairman Huang
Shih-cheng |
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announced the preliminary results of ballot counting for the election
of the tenth president and vice |
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president of the Republic of China, indicating that Chen and Lu, of
the Democratic Progressive |
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Party (DPP), had gathered
4,977,737 votes. |
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Independent James Soong and running mate Chang Chau-hsiung placed a
close second with |
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4,664,922 votes, while Lien Chan and Vincent Siew, candidates for the
current ruling party |
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Kuomintang (KMT), lagged behind in
third place with 2,925,513 votes. |
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Independents Hsu Hsin-liang and Chu Hui-liang garnered 79,429 votes,
while New Party |
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candidates Li Ao and Fung
Hu-hsiang gained 16,782. |
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Huang Shih-cheng noted that a total of 12,786,671 voters cast ballots
in this year's presidential |
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election. Of these, 12,665,393 ballots were valid. The voter turn-out
rate was 82.69%, |
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approximately six percentage
points higher than the presidential election four years ago. |
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Chen Shui-bian, 49, will be the youngest president of the Republic of
China, and as vice president |
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Annette Lu will be the
highest-ranking woman in ROC political history. |
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At his national campaign headquarters, Chen expressed gratitude for
his victory, and announced |
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his intention to create a "multi-partisan working group,"
including representatives from the |
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Kuomintang, the New Party and independents, to work together for a
democratic Taiwanese |
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society. |
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Chen also quickly weighed in on the question of cross-strait
relations, saying he was willing to |
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handle the issue with the highest measure of good will, and that in
the future he hoped to open up |
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communication, trade and transport ties with mainland China, and to
build a bilateral mechanism |
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of mutual trust in military
affairs. |
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Chen also reiterated his willingness to travel with his running mate
Annette Lu to mainland China |
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for a visit of "reconciliation and communication." At the
same time, he invited PRC president Jiang |
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Zemin, premier Zhu Rongji and Wang Daohan, director of the PRC's
Association for Relations |
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Across the Taiwan Straits, to
visit Taiwan. |
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Chen affirmed that, based on the precedents set by other democratic
national governments during |
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transitions of power, he hopes to build a channel of communication
with current president Lee |
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Teng-hui in the interim period before he takes office, and after
assuming the presidency, he hopes |
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to rely upon President Lee's experience in cross-strait relations and
Taiwan's system of military |
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preparedness. |
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According to convention, Lee Teng-hui usually appears in the capacity
of KMT chairman at his |
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party's central headquarters to view the vote count during a major
election, but the president was |
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absent on this occasion. |
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In a press conference at his presidential campaign headquarters, Lien
Chan admitted his defeat in |
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the election, and in a very dignified manner announced that he had
already offered his |
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congratulations to Chen Shui-bian. Lien added he eagerly anticipates
that Chen will appropriately |
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manage the nation's affairs, and
lead the country into a new era. |
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James Soong came in second place with around 4.6 million votes, but
was still more than 1.5 |
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million votes ahead of the KMT's Lien Chan. The Soong camp is thus
already poised to become a |
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major opposition force. |
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With this in mind, some of Soong's campaign advisors stated after the
election results came in |
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that they should take this opportunity to form a party as a means to
solidify their power. They |
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suggested further that the Soong camp should now set its sights on
gaining seats in the National |
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Assembly. |
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The Soong camp always maintained that if elected Soong would not
oppose the KMT, nor would |
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he seek to form a separate party. This, the Soong campaign argued, was
in keeping with the |
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"cross-party" spirit that they were championing. However,
when it became clear by what a slim |
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margin Soong had lost, his
supporters expressed regret at this strategy. |
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Following the orderly completion of the election at 4:00 p.m., Chief
of the General Staff General |
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Tang Yiao-ming, issued a statement concerning the stance and mission
of the national armed |
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forces, according to an announcement from the ROC Ministry of National
Defense's Military |
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Spokesman Office and Liaison
Office. |
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General Tang stated that as the military corps of the nation, the
armed forces of the Republic of |
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China will fully act "with the constitution as its foundation and
the will of the people as its guide." |
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The armed forces will obey the chief of state and carry out their
mission according to the |
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constitution. |
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General Tang also represented the entire armed forces in expressing
their resolute assurance to |
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the new commander-in-chief of the three branches of the armed forces
that they will fully devote |
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their will and loyalty, and make a sacrificial contribution, in order
to safeguard the national security |
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of the Republic of China. |
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Since Chen Shui-bian's victory has the potential to increase tensions
across the Strait, figures in |
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the financial community are bracing for another expected blast to the
economy. Some expect that |
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the increased tensions will lead
first to a reduction in cross-Strait trade. |
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In addition, efforts to open up direct communication, trade and
transportation links with the |
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mainland, as well as planned adjustments to the current
administration's "no haste, be patient" |
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economic policy toward the PRC, are both expected to encounter delays
due to tensions caused |
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by Chen's victory. |
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Analysts also expect the stock market to take another blow following
the DPP victory. |
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Nonetheless, stock analysts argue that Taiwan's economic fundamentals
are solid. Therefore, it is |
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unlikely that Taiwan's benchmark
index, the TAIEX, will fall below 8,000 points. |
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Meanwhile, members of the securities industry predict a similar
scenario. They do expect the |
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market to encounter some jitters in the short run. However, they
believe that in the longer term |
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Taiwan's fundamentals will still
reflect positively on the market. |
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As for how the PRC's reaction will affect markets, one analyst argued
that the mainland should |
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observe the new president's
policies and statements before determining any actions. |
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